Summary on Roundtable Discussion with Prof. Yasuaki Onoda Post-Disaster Community Design and City Planning The Japan Foundation, Jakarta, in Collaboration with Rujak Center for Urban Studies (RCUS)
Date : February 2nd, 2012Place : Hall of the Japan Foundation, JakartaOrganization : The Japan Foundation, Jakarta, in Collaboratuon with Rujak
Center for Urban StudiesName of Event : Roundtable Discussion with Prof. Yasuaki Onoda, on “Post
Disaster Community Design and City Planning”Summary’s Date : February 2nd, 2012
The Japan Foundation, Jakarta have conducted a Roundtable Discussion with Prof. Yasuaki Onoda, on theme “Post Disaster Community Design and City Planning”. This event was organized in collaboration with Rujak Center for Urban Studies (RCUS). The discussion aimed to share experiences, both in Indonesia and Japan, which have been facing severe natural disasters, focusing on Post-Disaster Community Design and City Planning. Prof. Yasuaki Onoda was invited to be the keynote speaker, then Dr, Eko Alvares Z., the Vice President of Bung hatta University, and Mr. Yuli Kusworo, the Program Coordinator of Jogjakarta Community-based Architects (ARKOM Jogja), as the discussants, and Mr. Marco Kusumawidjaja from RCUS as the moderator of the roundtable discussion. The discussion was attended around the selected senior/young intellectuals from various sectors and backgrounds, such as academics, policy-makers, community organizations, non-government organizations in Indonesia, and journalists.
Prof. Yasuaki Onoda is (a) Professor in the Department of Architecture and Building Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. He is also the founding and board member of the Archi+Aid, an organization of architects to relief and recovery for Tohoku area’s earthquake and tsunami. In the roundtable discussion, Prof. Onoda shared (about) the conditions in Tohoku area after hit by the earthquake and tsunami in March 11th, 2011, and explained about his efforts in Archi+Aid to revitalize and reconstruct cities in Tohoku area. Then, the discussion was followed by the responses and experience’s sharing from Dr. Eko Alvares Z., in facing and handling the big earthquake in Padang in 2009, and from Mr. Yuli Kusworo in tsunami Aceh in 2004.The natural disasters were not only affecting physically to the building structures and the urban planning, but also affecting the role of architects in social communities, planning, and the development of urban planning. Prof. Onoda, mentioned that before the tragedy of 3/11 happened, the architects in Japan is used to accustom themselves to show their abilities and skills in a safety zone. But, the natural disaster of 3/11 was a wake up call for architects of Japan from their one-sided assumption that the safety zone will be eternal. Their assumption are different from the reality, which the constructed safety zone will not always remain safe, and it was proven by the 3/11 natural disasters. In this situation, Prof. Onoda argued that there is no other choice but to start a system, which is actually the realm and area of bureaucrats and civil engineering. After that, start the reconstruction process. But then, because there is an urge to achieve the targeted enough amount of reconstruction as fast as possible, the result of the reconstruction will not be maximal. In a very limited and short time, it is difficult to do a reconstruction that has sustainability, values, and creativity. Thus, to produce a lively and good reconstruction there is a need to create a platform that will be able to encourage the collaboration between the residents (communities), bureaucrats, civil engineering, architects, businessman, and investors.
Prof. Onoda argued that there is a need of having some important abilities for a meaningful reconstruction planning in post disaster period, on which based on architectural education values. As those abilities, the first is the ability to treat the potentials of nature by reading the geographical features carefully. The second is the ability to imagine and picture the network of the lost communities by interviewing the refugee of the natural disasters, whom village for living and it’s environment were destroyed by the tsunami. The third is the ability to extract projects from various and rambling reconstruction condition and also visualize some important issues. The last ability is the ability to realize the existed social values, which are invisible and as a physical environment.Generally, the ability assumption of the architects’ ability would be very useful in the process of post disasters reconstruction planning. But, it is rare and difficult to apply that for reconstruction planning because of some determinant factors:
1. The first factor is the difficulties of applicating the reconstruction planning itself, on which one of the main reason of the difficulties are because of the complication and complexity of the stakeholders. 2. There is a difficulty of the planning process. In the process of post disasters reconstruction planning, the planners only have a limited amount of man power and time to produce the planning results. 3. The internal problem of architect as a profession, which architect is actually an independent profession, creative and critical, and sometimes could be a good / bad agitator.
According to Prof. Onoda, the Government of Japan thought that architect as a profession is not too suitable in post disasters reconstruction planning, because of some factors:
1. Time factor: the government argued that to discuss about the reconstruction planning with architect would take much longer time to compare with just civil engineers, while the available time is limited. 2. Money factor: in the situation of post disaster, the availability of money and funding are also limited, because of this the local government simply would like not to pay extra money to architects, and prefer to allocate it to the civil engineering, industry development, welfare services for victims, and supply houses with shortsighted design. 3. Human resources factor: for the government, it might be difficult for them to have architects to follow the governement’s wills.
Because of that, regarding the Japan’s 3/11 earthquake and tsunami, Archi+Aid is struggling to become a platform with various activities to relief and recovery by the architects. Archi+Aid, becomes a network to link and connect the residents (communities), bureaucrats, civil engineering, architects, businessman, and investors, in order to revitalize Tohoku area after the 3/11 disasters. As a platform, Archi+Aid has a function to support the regional reconstruction with a pool of talented and creative persons that will supply interdisciplinary expertise. Up until now the networking framework of Archi+Aid consist of architects and architectural students in Japan, with some intermediate organization such as Miyagi University, Kamaishi City Reconstruct Project Team, Research Institution of Disaster Tohoku University, and Architectural Planning Lab. Tohoku University. Besides that Archi+Aid also working with four local governments in Tohoku Area, Minamisanriku-cho, Kamaishi-shi, Ishinomaki-shi, and Shichigahama-machi. Archi+Aid also has a function to provide architectural education service in the disaster areas, with the purpose of to cultivate humanity, to learn the meaning of space as a base of life, to develop the ability to read the environment, to have a comprehensive understanding of the profession, and to encourage a new vision of architecture. Educational values of the students who work in the disaster areas, executing the practical education, and developing and accumulating these method. Archi+Aid had a role in revitalizing Kamaishi-shi, through urban planning for reconstruction that involved the residents (communities), bureaucrats, urban planner, and architects, in revitalizing Ishinomaki-shi through reconstruction planning for small fishing villages which were packed in the Archi+Aid Summer Camp.
Role and function of architect and architectural in some areas in Indonesia post natural disasters also changed. Dr. Eko Alvares Z., the Vice President of Bung Hatta University, said that Padang have had several times of earthquake, but the biggest earthquake happened in 2009 with 7.6 M. The earthquake was big enough that able to change the building construction in Padang and also the regulation from the Local Government of Padang on building construction. For the building construction there was a significant change, the design become simpler yet colorful, the cutting of building’s height, and simplification of design that will not harm and could survive in earthquakes, also prepared some building construction that can be used as evacuation areas when disaster happen. Those change also supported by the regulation in Local Regulations and Laws of the Local Government of Padang. In fact, the plans for the building of the Local Government of Padang were changed in shape and function. The building is used as an office and also can be used as an evacuation building when disaster happens and it is equipped with evacuation routes that give access to that building.
Mr. Yuli Kusworo, was sharing his experiences when he was a volunteer in Aceh, post tsunami Aceh in 2004. His experiences said that architect have to have concern and awareness to take a part in the process of post disasters reconstruction, mainly in how to do mitigation and anticipation. Then, in the process of post disaster reconstruction planning, architects also have to have a first-hand experience, so that will be able to understand how the right reconstruction in a right place. If not having the first-hand experience, then it will be difficult for architects to be able to organize the residents in social communities, so in this case there is a need to use a bottom-up approach. Not only that, architect also required to have and understand various knowledge that will able to support the profession as an architect, knowledge such as economy, politic, cultures, technology, etc (interdisciplinary). Mr. Yuli Kusworo, feels that it is important to increase the awareness of the communities, specially students, about the urgency of mitigation.The important conclusion from this roundtable discussion is that there are differences of roles between the residents (communities), bureaucrats, civil engineering, architects, businessman, and investors. For example, the communities are the real client of architect not the government, but still, the government is the one who set up the regulations. But then, the differences of roles have to be compromised in order to make the process of post disaster reconstruction planning become efficient. Natural disaster is a message, which passed on to the survived victims, so that we can learn the message from them.
The Japan Foundation, Jakarta have conducted a Roundtable Discussion with Prof. Yasuaki Onoda, on theme “Post Disaster Community Design and City Planning”. This event was organized in collaboration with Rujak Center for Urban Studies (RCUS). The discussion aimed to share experiences, both in Indonesia and Japan, which have been facing severe natural disasters, focusing on Post-Disaster Community Design and City Planning. Prof. Yasuaki Onoda was invited to be the keynote speaker, then Dr, Eko Alvares Z., the Vice President of Bung hatta University, and Mr. Yuli Kusworo, the Program Coordinator of Jogjakarta Community-based Architects (ARKOM Jogja), as the discussants, and Mr. Marco Kusumawidjaja from RCUS as the moderator of the roundtable discussion. The discussion was attended around the selected senior/young intellectuals from various sectors and backgrounds, such as academics, policy-makers, community organizations, non-government organizations in Indonesia, and journalists.
Prof. Yasuaki Onoda is (a) Professor in the Department of Architecture and Building Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. He is also the founding and board member of the Archi+Aid, an organization of architects to relief and recovery for Tohoku area’s earthquake and tsunami. In the roundtable discussion, Prof. Onoda shared (about) the conditions in Tohoku area after hit by the earthquake and tsunami in March 11th, 2011, and explained about his efforts in Archi+Aid to revitalize and reconstruct cities in Tohoku area. Then, the discussion was followed by the responses and experience’s sharing from Dr. Eko Alvares Z., in facing and handling the big earthquake in Padang in 2009, and from Mr. Yuli Kusworo in tsunami Aceh in 2004.The natural disasters were not only affecting physically to the building structures and the urban planning, but also affecting the role of architects in social communities, planning, and the development of urban planning. Prof. Onoda, mentioned that before the tragedy of 3/11 happened, the architects in Japan is used to accustom themselves to show their abilities and skills in a safety zone. But, the natural disaster of 3/11 was a wake up call for architects of Japan from their one-sided assumption that the safety zone will be eternal. Their assumption are different from the reality, which the constructed safety zone will not always remain safe, and it was proven by the 3/11 natural disasters. In this situation, Prof. Onoda argued that there is no other choice but to start a system, which is actually the realm and area of bureaucrats and civil engineering. After that, start the reconstruction process. But then, because there is an urge to achieve the targeted enough amount of reconstruction as fast as possible, the result of the reconstruction will not be maximal. In a very limited and short time, it is difficult to do a reconstruction that has sustainability, values, and creativity. Thus, to produce a lively and good reconstruction there is a need to create a platform that will be able to encourage the collaboration between the residents (communities), bureaucrats, civil engineering, architects, businessman, and investors.
Prof. Onoda argued that there is a need of having some important abilities for a meaningful reconstruction planning in post disaster period, on which based on architectural education values. As those abilities, the first is the ability to treat the potentials of nature by reading the geographical features carefully. The second is the ability to imagine and picture the network of the lost communities by interviewing the refugee of the natural disasters, whom village for living and it’s environment were destroyed by the tsunami. The third is the ability to extract projects from various and rambling reconstruction condition and also visualize some important issues. The last ability is the ability to realize the existed social values, which are invisible and as a physical environment.Generally, the ability assumption of the architects’ ability would be very useful in the process of post disasters reconstruction planning. But, it is rare and difficult to apply that for reconstruction planning because of some determinant factors:
1. The first factor is the difficulties of applicating the reconstruction planning itself, on which one of the main reason of the difficulties are because of the complication and complexity of the stakeholders. 2. There is a difficulty of the planning process. In the process of post disasters reconstruction planning, the planners only have a limited amount of man power and time to produce the planning results. 3. The internal problem of architect as a profession, which architect is actually an independent profession, creative and critical, and sometimes could be a good / bad agitator.
According to Prof. Onoda, the Government of Japan thought that architect as a profession is not too suitable in post disasters reconstruction planning, because of some factors:
1. Time factor: the government argued that to discuss about the reconstruction planning with architect would take much longer time to compare with just civil engineers, while the available time is limited. 2. Money factor: in the situation of post disaster, the availability of money and funding are also limited, because of this the local government simply would like not to pay extra money to architects, and prefer to allocate it to the civil engineering, industry development, welfare services for victims, and supply houses with shortsighted design. 3. Human resources factor: for the government, it might be difficult for them to have architects to follow the governement’s wills.
Because of that, regarding the Japan’s 3/11 earthquake and tsunami, Archi+Aid is struggling to become a platform with various activities to relief and recovery by the architects. Archi+Aid, becomes a network to link and connect the residents (communities), bureaucrats, civil engineering, architects, businessman, and investors, in order to revitalize Tohoku area after the 3/11 disasters. As a platform, Archi+Aid has a function to support the regional reconstruction with a pool of talented and creative persons that will supply interdisciplinary expertise. Up until now the networking framework of Archi+Aid consist of architects and architectural students in Japan, with some intermediate organization such as Miyagi University, Kamaishi City Reconstruct Project Team, Research Institution of Disaster Tohoku University, and Architectural Planning Lab. Tohoku University. Besides that Archi+Aid also working with four local governments in Tohoku Area, Minamisanriku-cho, Kamaishi-shi, Ishinomaki-shi, and Shichigahama-machi. Archi+Aid also has a function to provide architectural education service in the disaster areas, with the purpose of to cultivate humanity, to learn the meaning of space as a base of life, to develop the ability to read the environment, to have a comprehensive understanding of the profession, and to encourage a new vision of architecture. Educational values of the students who work in the disaster areas, executing the practical education, and developing and accumulating these method. Archi+Aid had a role in revitalizing Kamaishi-shi, through urban planning for reconstruction that involved the residents (communities), bureaucrats, urban planner, and architects, in revitalizing Ishinomaki-shi through reconstruction planning for small fishing villages which were packed in the Archi+Aid Summer Camp.
Role and function of architect and architectural in some areas in Indonesia post natural disasters also changed. Dr. Eko Alvares Z., the Vice President of Bung Hatta University, said that Padang have had several times of earthquake, but the biggest earthquake happened in 2009 with 7.6 M. The earthquake was big enough that able to change the building construction in Padang and also the regulation from the Local Government of Padang on building construction. For the building construction there was a significant change, the design become simpler yet colorful, the cutting of building’s height, and simplification of design that will not harm and could survive in earthquakes, also prepared some building construction that can be used as evacuation areas when disaster happen. Those change also supported by the regulation in Local Regulations and Laws of the Local Government of Padang. In fact, the plans for the building of the Local Government of Padang were changed in shape and function. The building is used as an office and also can be used as an evacuation building when disaster happens and it is equipped with evacuation routes that give access to that building.
Mr. Yuli Kusworo, was sharing his experiences when he was a volunteer in Aceh, post tsunami Aceh in 2004. His experiences said that architect have to have concern and awareness to take a part in the process of post disasters reconstruction, mainly in how to do mitigation and anticipation. Then, in the process of post disaster reconstruction planning, architects also have to have a first-hand experience, so that will be able to understand how the right reconstruction in a right place. If not having the first-hand experience, then it will be difficult for architects to be able to organize the residents in social communities, so in this case there is a need to use a bottom-up approach. Not only that, architect also required to have and understand various knowledge that will able to support the profession as an architect, knowledge such as economy, politic, cultures, technology, etc (interdisciplinary). Mr. Yuli Kusworo, feels that it is important to increase the awareness of the communities, specially students, about the urgency of mitigation.The important conclusion from this roundtable discussion is that there are differences of roles between the residents (communities), bureaucrats, civil engineering, architects, businessman, and investors. For example, the communities are the real client of architect not the government, but still, the government is the one who set up the regulations. But then, the differences of roles have to be compromised in order to make the process of post disaster reconstruction planning become efficient. Natural disaster is a message, which passed on to the survived victims, so that we can learn the message from them.
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